Mountain Ranges of North America The Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains are an incredible mountain range located in North America in the Western Hemisphere. The mountain range stretches from northern Colorado and into southwestern Canada. It is home to a diverse ecosystem, both geographically and biologically and is revered as a monumental landform worldwide. The geologic history of the Rocky Mountains has come about as an aggregation of millions of years. Briefly speaking, the formation of the Rockies transpired from hundreds and millions of years of uplift by tectonic plates and millions of years of erosion and ice have helped sculpt the mountains to be what we see today. The majority of the rocks that make up the Rocky Mountains began as simple shale, siltstone, and sandstone†¦show more content†¦Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado states that there are 150 lakes and 450 miles of streams. This kind of wetland ecosystem is prominent for featuring dense wildlife environments in which elk, moose, big horn sheep, black be ars, and cougars thrive. Furthermore, the Continental Divide is located in the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are widely considered one of the most biologically diverse regions in the world and the Rocky Mountain’s flora and fauna are no exception. Elk herds can range from 300 to 800 each winter, approximately 350 bighorn sheep, and various mule and deer populations, along with small geese populations flying overhead. It is precisely this diversity that makes the Rockies so appealing to tourists every year. In addition, there are 60 other species of mammals, 280 recorded bird species, six amphibian species (the endangered boreal toad is included), one reptile (i.e. garter snake), 11 species of fish, and countless species of insects, including a large number of butterflies. Elk can be seen regularly by visitors during fall rut, or mating season. Elk are prominent among the meadows and densely populated forests. During the summer, elk are likely to stay above treeline an d move to lower elevations during the seasons of fall, winter, and spring. Also, elk generally feed around dusk and dawn. Bighorn sheep can be spotted around lakes in the Rocky Mountains while moose frequent the willowsShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Geography Of The Us824 Words   |  4 PagesStates is located in the center of the North America continent. It is the second largest country in the continent and the fourth largest in the whole world after Russia, Canada, and China. Its total area is 3.797 million square miles (9.834 million square kilometers). The Bodies of Water in the U.S. In the United States, there is a really large river system called the Mississippi/Missouri river system. 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Thus being chosen to lead the expedition, William Clark volunteered to assist Lewis on the journeyRead MorePostag197v1 : Kings Canyon National Park1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe two neighboring parks are almost 66 miles long and 36 miles wide. Also, the park has an elevation somewhere between 1,370 to 14,494 feet. This park is Located in the Sierra Nevada Range west of Death Valley. In this national park landscape witness to nature s size, beauty, and variety - enormous mountains, rocky foothills, deep canyons, vast caverns, and the world s largest trees. The park size is noted to be 865,964 acres. When planning a voyage to Sequoia and Kings Canyon, it is importantRead MoreEssay on Tornadoes1266 Words   |  6 Pages a. Waterspout 2. Distance Moved D. Frequency Of Tornadoes 1. Southern States 2. Northern States II. Where Tornadoes Come From A. Energy 1. Thunderstorm III. Where And When Tornadoes Occur A. North America 1. Rocky Mountains 2. Appalachian Mountains B. Other Areas Of The World C. Spring And Summer 1. When IV. Damage A. Wind 1. Materials 2. Animals 3. Explosions V. Detection Of Tornadoes A. Doppler Radar 1. SKYWARN VI. Prediction A. AtmosphericRead MoreEveryone, including myself loves the sensation of security. That as a family or individual one is800 Words   |  4 Pagesresidents of Rocky Mountain, North Carolina this is an everyday question they have to face and how to face is it is even harder to answer. Placing myself, hypothetically, as a family of four in the community of Rocky Mountain I will not only identify the crimes, the crime rates, and actions an everyday civilian can participate in to increase the safety of my neighborhood. My family stays on the corner of Rocky Mount, NC 9Sunset Ave / N Pine St. If you google this street crossing, or even Rocky Mountain

Dreams Essay examples - 1070 Words

Dreams Although the idea of dreams has always been a psychological one, there is a philosophical side to them. Descartes once said, For all I know, I might be dreaming (Bruder/Moore, Philosophy, 81). This conjecture of Descatres was one that explained the concept of dreams. He asked the question, How do we know that we are not dreaming and our whole life is but a dream? There can never be an answer to this question but it proves that there is a philosophical view of dreams. A dream is a form of mental activity that occurs during sleep. Dreams reveal our inner most secrets and even allow us to emerge our hidden selves. Because they unleash some of our most intimate experiences, every dream is unique. Most dreams are in†¦show more content†¦Essayist, humanist, and skeptic Michel Montaigne wrote I believe it to be true that dreams are the true interpreters of our inclinations; but there is art required to sort and understand them (Gardner, Skeptical, 10). One idea of what dr eams are, can be found from the Indian philosophy. A realist claims that objects that experience presents as existing externally do in fact exist internally. The denial of externality appeals both to those who doubt that experience is identical with existing objects, and those who think that experience is there only if objects are not external. Dream are a great appeal to those philosophers who deny externality. Objects appear as distinct from the cognition of them. They do not appear as if they were in the subjects cognition alone, since to dream of an object is to dream of an object located in space. Both the Cartesian skeptic and the Berkeleyan idealist use dreams to challenge externality. The idealist accepts the doubt that dream cast upon externality but idea not accept the implication of the non-verdicality of cognition. The disagreement about the consequence of denying externality was recognized by Kant. He distinguished between the Cartesian problematic idealism an d Berkeleyan dogmatic idealism. But there were two famous philosophers that have differing views on the way that dreams are used. Buddhist Vasubandhu and Advaitin Sankara are the two men that wrote about the ideas of dream andShow MoreRelatedDreams And Dreams : Dreams1425 Words   |  6 PagesAvery Alexander English III Mr. Tarr 26 April 2015 Dreams Throughout our dreaming experience, we feel different sensations, emotions, and thoughts interpreted through images in a person’s mind. During our unconscious process, the meanings of our inner thoughts are experienced through dreams. Some psychologists believe dreams are connected to our real emotions and others may see dreams as a specific meaning related to one’s life (Young). 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Nationalism and the Imagination by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Nationalism and the Imagination by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has being the hardest text I have read during my theory class at Sydney College of the Arts in 2014. My task was to read and explain the text to my theory class and my lecturer Dr Adam Geczy in 8 minutes as a YouTube video. This was an almost impossible task because Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination is a small book of 75 pages and at Sydney College of the Arts’s library we are only able to borrow the book for 2 hours. I later found the book online as a pdf file. I have decided to leave my video presentation on YouTube to help some lost and desperate sole searching for the meaning of Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination, before contemplating on killing your self†¦show more content†¦During the course of understanding Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination, I had to look at other texts to begin to comprehend the purpose of Spivak’s talk on nationalism, Indian sover eignty, marginalized women, subaltern, comparative literatures oral formulaic, postcolonialism, etc. One of the best texts I came across was an e-book by Stephen Morton entitled Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. It was first published in 2003 by Routledge and you can find it online as a pdf file. Morton analysis several of Spivak’s works and then he explains in an uncomplicated manner the reasons for Spivak’s comments and her writing in general. Although Morton does not directly comment on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination you will be able to understand Nationalism and the Imagination because Spivak draws from previous works that Morton includes in his e-book Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Another way of understanding Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination is by reading the book reviews on the book. There are several book reviews on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination online or you can find it through your university’s library. I was using ProQuest to find articles on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination. Last but not least, I watched several videos by Dr Jason J Campbell, user drjasonjcampbell. He was great, easy to understand and he includes notes with all his videos that you can download if you wish. What I liked the most about Dr

Key Features of a Bond Essay Example For Students

Key Features of a Bond Essay A. What are the key features of a bond? answer:if possible, begin this lecture by showing students an actual bond certificate. We show a real coupon bond with physical coupons. These can no longer be issuedit is too easy to evade taxes, especially estate taxes, with bearer bonds. All bonds today must be registered, and registered bonds dont have physical coupons. 1. Par or face value. We generally assume a $1,000 par value, but par can be anything, and often $5,000 or more is used. With registered bonds, which is what are issued today, if you bought $50,000 worth, that amount would appear on the certificate. 2. Coupon rate. The dollar coupon is the rent on the money borrowed, which is generally the par value of the bond. The coupon rate is the annual interest payment divided by the par value, and it is generally set at the value of k on the day the bond is issued. To illustrate, the required rate of return on one of southern bells bonds was 11 percent when they were issued, so the coupon rate was set at 11 percent. If the company were to float a new issue today, the coupon rate would be set at the going rate today (october 1998), which would be about 7. 4%. 3. Maturity. This is the number of years until the bond matures and the issuer must repay the loan (return the par value). The southern bell bonds had a 30-year maturity when they were issued, but the maturity declines by 1 year each year after their issue. 4. Issue date. The southern bell bonds were issued in 1977, when interest rates were higher than they are today. 5. Default risk is inherent in all bonds except treasury bondswill the issuer have the cash to make the promised payments? Bonds are rated from aaa to d, and the lower the rating the riskier the bond, the higher its default risk premium, and, consequently, the higher its required rate of return, k. Southern bell is rated aaa. B. What are call provisions and sinking fund provisions? Do these provisions make bonds more or less risky? Answer:a call provision is a provision in a bond contract that gives the issuing corporation the right to redeem the bonds under specified terms prior to the normal maturity date. The call provision generally states that the company must pay the bondholders an amount greater than the par value if they are called. The additional sum, which is called a call premium, is typically set equal to one years interest if the bonds are called during the first year, and the premium declines at a constant rate of int/n each year thereafter. A sinking fund provision is a provision in a bond contract that requires the issuer to retire a portion of the bond issue each year. A sinking fund provision facilitates the orderly retirement of the bond issue. The call privilege is valuable to the firm but potentially detrimental to the investor, especially if the bonds were issued in a period when interest rates were cyclically high. Therefore, bonds with a call provision are riskier than those without a call provision. Accordingly, the interest rate on a new issue of callable bonds will exceed that on a new issue of noncallable bonds. Although sinking funds are designed to protect bondholders by ensuring that an issue is retired in an orderly fashion, it must be recognized that sinking funds will at times work to the detriment of bondholders. On balance, however, bonds that provide for a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision, so at the time they are issued sinking fund bonds have lower coupon rates than otherwise similar bonds without sinking funds. D. How is the value of a bond determined? What is the value of a 10-year, $1,000 par value bond with a 10 percent annual coupon if its required rate of return is 10 percent? Answer:a bond has a specific cash flow pattern consisting of a stream of constant interest payments plus the return of par at maturity. The annual coupon payment is the cash flow: pmt = (coupon rate) ? par value) = 0. 1($1,000) = $100. For a 10-year, 10 percent annual coupon bond, the bonds value is found as follows: 0 1 2 3 9 10 | | | | †¢ †¢ †¢ | | 100 100 100 100 100 90. 91 + 1,000 82. 64 . . . 38. 55 385. 54 1,000. 00 Expressed as an equation, we have: Or: vb = $100(pvifa10%,10) + $1,000(pvif10%,10) = $100 ((1- 1/(1+. 1)10)/0. 10) + $1,000 (1/(1+0. 10)10). The bond consists of a 10-year, 10% annuity of $100 per year plus a $1,000 lump sum payment at t = 10: v annuity = $ 614. 46 pv maturity value = 385. 54 value of bond = $1,000. 00 The mathematics of bond valuation is programmed into financial calculators which do the operation in one step, so the easy way to solve bond valuation problems is with a financial calculator. Input n = 10, kd = i = 10, pmt = 100, and fv = 1000, and then press pv to find the bonds value, $1,000. Then change n from 10 to 1 and press pv to get the value of the 1-year bond, which is also $1,000. K. Suppose a 10-year, 10 percent, semiannual coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 is currently selling for $1,135. 0, producing a nominal yield to maturity of 8 percent. However, the bond can be called after 5 years for a price of $1,050. K. 1. What is the bonds nominal yield to call (ytc)? Answer:if the bond were called, bondholders would receive $1,050 at the end of year 5. Thus, the time line would look li ke this: 0 1 2 3 4 5 | | | | | | 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 1,050 pv1 . pv4 pv5c pv5cp 1,135. 90 = sum of pvs The easiest way to find the ytc on this bond is to input values into your calculator: n = 10; pv = -1135. 90; pmt = 50; and fv = 1050, which is the par value plus a call premium of $50; and then press the k = i button to find i = 3. 765%. However, this is the 6-month rate, so we would find the nominal rate on the bond as follows: Knom = 2(3. 765%) = 7. 5301% ? 7. 5%. This 7. 5% is the rate brokers would quote if you asked about buying the bond. You could also calculate the ear on the bond: Ear = (1. 03765)2 1 = 7. 672%. .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postImageUrl , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:visited , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active { border:0!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: societhf Rejection of Civilization in The Adventur EssayUsually, people in the bond business just talk about nominal rates, which is ok so long as all the bonds being compared are on a semiannual payment basis. When you start making comparisons among investments with different payment patterns, though, it is important to convert to ears. K. 2. If you bought this bond, do you think you would be more likely to earn the ytm or the ytc? Why? Answer:since the coupon rate is 10% versus ytc = kd = 7. 53%, it would pay the company to call the bond, get rid of the obligation to pay $100 per year in interest, and sell replacement bonds whose interest would be only $75. 0 per year. T herefore, if interest rates remain at the current level until the call date, the bond will surely be called, so investors should expect to earn 7. 53%. In general, investors should expect to earn the ytc on premium bonds, but to earn the ytm on par and discount bonds. (bond brokers publish lists of the bonds they have for sale; they quote ytm or ytc depending on whether the bond sells at a premium or a discount. ) L. Disneys bonds were issued with a yield to maturity of 7. 5 percent. Does the yield to maturity represent the promised or expected return on the bond? Answer:the yield to maturity is the rate of return earned on a bond if it is held to maturity. It can be viewed as the bonds promised rate of return, which is the return that investors will receive if all the promised payments are made. The yield to maturity equals the expected rate of return only if (1) the probability of default is zero and (2) the bond cannot be called. For bonds where there is some default risk, or where the bond may be called, there is some probability that the promised payments to maturity will not be received, in which case, the promised yield to maturity will differ from the expected return. M. Disneys bonds were rated aa- by s. Would you consider these bonds investment grade or junk bonds? Answer:the disney bonds would be investment grade bonds. Triple-a, double-a, single-a, and triple-b bonds are considered investment grade. Double-b and lower-rated bonds are considered speculative, or junk bonds, because they have a significant probability of going into default. Many financial institutions are prohibited from buying junk bonds.