Mountain Ranges of North America The Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains are an incredible mountain range located in North America in the Western Hemisphere. The mountain range stretches from northern Colorado and into southwestern Canada. It is home to a diverse ecosystem, both geographically and biologically and is revered as a monumental landform worldwide. The geologic history of the Rocky Mountains has come about as an aggregation of millions of years. Briefly speaking, the formation of the Rockies transpired from hundreds and millions of years of uplift by tectonic plates and millions of years of erosion and ice have helped sculpt the mountains to be what we see today. The majority of the rocks that make up the Rocky Mountains began as simple shale, siltstone, and sandstone†¦show more content†¦Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado states that there are 150 lakes and 450 miles of streams. This kind of wetland ecosystem is prominent for featuring dense wildlife environments in which elk, moose, big horn sheep, black be ars, and cougars thrive. Furthermore, the Continental Divide is located in the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are widely considered one of the most biologically diverse regions in the world and the Rocky Mountain’s flora and fauna are no exception. Elk herds can range from 300 to 800 each winter, approximately 350 bighorn sheep, and various mule and deer populations, along with small geese populations flying overhead. It is precisely this diversity that makes the Rockies so appealing to tourists every year. In addition, there are 60 other species of mammals, 280 recorded bird species, six amphibian species (the endangered boreal toad is included), one reptile (i.e. garter snake), 11 species of fish, and countless species of insects, including a large number of butterflies. Elk can be seen regularly by visitors during fall rut, or mating season. Elk are prominent among the meadows and densely populated forests. During the summer, elk are likely to stay above treeline an d move to lower elevations during the seasons of fall, winter, and spring. Also, elk generally feed around dusk and dawn. Bighorn sheep can be spotted around lakes in the Rocky Mountains while moose frequent the willowsShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Geography Of The Us824 Words   |  4 PagesStates is located in the center of the North America continent. It is the second largest country in the continent and the fourth largest in the whole world after Russia, Canada, and China. Its total area is 3.797 million square miles (9.834 million square kilometers). The Bodies of Water in the U.S. In the United States, there is a really large river system called the Mississippi/Missouri river system. The system has the longest river in the North America and the fourth longest river in the wholeRead MoreUnited States And Canada Physical Geography Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesland. The nation’s â€Å"breadbasket† is known as the Great Plains! These plains are famous for their raising of livestock and agriculture. A large range of mountains that are found west of the Great Plains are known as the Rocky Mountains. This mountain range extends from Alaska to New Mexico and is considered the younger of the two large ranges of mountains in the United States. The Great Lakes connect the middle of the US to the Atlantic Ocean by the St. Lawrence River. That creates one of the world’sRead MoreAlberta Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThe south province borders on the 49th parallel north separating it from the United States of Montana while on the north the 60th par allel north divides it from the Northwest Territories. To the east, the 11 separates it from the province of Saswatchagan, while on the west its boundary with British Columbia follows the 120th meridian south from the Northwest Territories at 60 degrees north until it reaches the Continental divide at the Rocky Mountains and from that point follows the line of peaksRead MoreWhat Is The Geography Of Alberta885 Words   |  4 PagesProvince is mostly based on the Rocky Mountains, and the great plains. Alberta has not hot but warm summers and extremely cold winters. The province has cold arctic weather from the north. The winter produce extreme temperatures varying from −54 degrees celsius, In the summer the air mass has produced record maximum temperatures from 32 degrees celsius in the mountains to over 40 degrees celsius in southeastern Alberta. The average high temperature in January ranges from 0 degrees celsius in the southwestRead MoreThe Continent of North America3320 Words   |  14 PagesCHAPTER TEN THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA North America is the fourth largest continent of the world. It occupies the next place to Asia, Europe and Africa. Financed by the king and queen of Spain the famous navigator Columbus of Italy discovered America miraculously instead of India in 1492. Many small and large islands surrounding North America are included in this continent. The islands close to North Canada, Greenland, Newfoundland and West Indies are remarkable. Location : The triangularRead MoreA Brief Note On Climate And Mixed And Coniferous Forests856 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors of the geography of a location. Mountain ranges, lakes, rivers and oceans have major impacts on the overall climate of a location. For example mountain ranges tend to block wind flow causing intense rain showers along the windward side of the mountain range and dry near dessert like conditions on the eastern side of the range. The North America has a rather unique geography in that on either side of the continent there are major mountain ranges with a large ocean gulf. This results inRead MoreThe History Of Lewis And Clark1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson, our third US President sent two men, U.S. Army Captain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark out to explore the unexplored west and in search of a water route across North America, fulfilling the dreams of Thomas Jefferson in sending explorers across the America. Thomas Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis who was previously his secretary to lead the expedition. Thus being chosen to lead the expedition, William Clark volunteered to assist Lewis on the journeyRead MorePostag197v1 : Kings Canyon National Park1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe two neighboring parks are almost 66 miles long and 36 miles wide. Also, the park has an elevation somewhere between 1,370 to 14,494 feet. This park is Located in the Sierra Nevada Range west of Death Valley. In this national park landscape witness to nature s size, beauty, and variety - enormous mountains, rocky foothills, deep canyons, vast caverns, and the world s largest trees. The park size is noted to be 865,964 acres. When planning a voyage to Sequoia and Kings Canyon, it is importantRead MoreEssay on Tornadoes1266 Words   |  6 Pages a. Waterspout 2. Distance Moved D. Frequency Of Tornadoes 1. Southern States 2. Northern States II. Where Tornadoes Come From A. Energy 1. Thunderstorm III. Where And When Tornadoes Occur A. North America 1. Rocky Mountains 2. Appalachian Mountains B. Other Areas Of The World C. Spring And Summer 1. When IV. Damage A. Wind 1. Materials 2. Animals 3. Explosions V. Detection Of Tornadoes A. Doppler Radar 1. SKYWARN VI. Prediction A. AtmosphericRead MoreEveryone, including myself loves the sensation of security. That as a family or individual one is800 Words   |  4 Pagesresidents of Rocky Mountain, North Carolina this is an everyday question they have to face and how to face is it is even harder to answer. Placing myself, hypothetically, as a family of four in the community of Rocky Mountain I will not only identify the crimes, the crime rates, and actions an everyday civilian can participate in to increase the safety of my neighborhood. My family stays on the corner of Rocky Mount, NC 9Sunset Ave / N Pine St. If you google this street crossing, or even Rocky Mountain

Dreams Essay examples - 1070 Words

Dreams Although the idea of dreams has always been a psychological one, there is a philosophical side to them. Descartes once said, For all I know, I might be dreaming (Bruder/Moore, Philosophy, 81). This conjecture of Descatres was one that explained the concept of dreams. He asked the question, How do we know that we are not dreaming and our whole life is but a dream? There can never be an answer to this question but it proves that there is a philosophical view of dreams. A dream is a form of mental activity that occurs during sleep. Dreams reveal our inner most secrets and even allow us to emerge our hidden selves. Because they unleash some of our most intimate experiences, every dream is unique. Most dreams are in†¦show more content†¦Essayist, humanist, and skeptic Michel Montaigne wrote I believe it to be true that dreams are the true interpreters of our inclinations; but there is art required to sort and understand them (Gardner, Skeptical, 10). One idea of what dr eams are, can be found from the Indian philosophy. A realist claims that objects that experience presents as existing externally do in fact exist internally. The denial of externality appeals both to those who doubt that experience is identical with existing objects, and those who think that experience is there only if objects are not external. Dream are a great appeal to those philosophers who deny externality. Objects appear as distinct from the cognition of them. They do not appear as if they were in the subjects cognition alone, since to dream of an object is to dream of an object located in space. Both the Cartesian skeptic and the Berkeleyan idealist use dreams to challenge externality. The idealist accepts the doubt that dream cast upon externality but idea not accept the implication of the non-verdicality of cognition. The disagreement about the consequence of denying externality was recognized by Kant. He distinguished between the Cartesian problematic idealism an d Berkeleyan dogmatic idealism. But there were two famous philosophers that have differing views on the way that dreams are used. Buddhist Vasubandhu and Advaitin Sankara are the two men that wrote about the ideas of dream andShow MoreRelatedDreams And Dreams : Dreams1425 Words   |  6 PagesAvery Alexander English III Mr. Tarr 26 April 2015 Dreams Throughout our dreaming experience, we feel different sensations, emotions, and thoughts interpreted through images in a person’s mind. During our unconscious process, the meanings of our inner thoughts are experienced through dreams. Some psychologists believe dreams are connected to our real emotions and others may see dreams as a specific meaning related to one’s life (Young). Dreams can put us in touch with our real motives in life dueRead MoreDream And Dream - Dream Killers1012 Words   |  5 PagesDream killers You know the type, the ones who think that just because they did not make it, then you can t, the Debbie Downers who can t see beyond their pathetic existence to dream of something bigger. The one who will never achieve much because they fail to dream and dream to fail, these are the dream killers. Conversation #1 You   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am thinking of starting my own business Them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why you want to do that? You   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Because I have always wanted to work for myself? ThemRead MoreDreams And Dreams1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpretations and true meanings of dreams has expanded and has varied over centuries and cultures. Many of the earlier studies were based on culture’s and the interpretation of dreams, but also used as a form of prophecy, inspiration, and guidance. Many people still believe this such, people today beliefs and theories have opened up to a more vast interpretation, they are made up of; dreams are rare brain activity, dreams allow people to reflect on themselves, or that dreams are too massive to be correctlyRead MoreDreams : The Causes Of Dreams And Dreams987 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Dreams are a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind† (Myers). They can occur anytime during sleep. Although most vibrant dreams occur during deep sleep, REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when a person’s brain is more active. Most people tend to have at least 4 to 6 dreams per night while in REM sleep. While everyone dreams during sleep, but not everyone remembers. Scientist aren’t quite sure why some people remember more than others, but there are manyRead MoreDreams And Dreams1893 Words   |  8 PagesEvery single one of us dreams and each one is experienced at a personal level, but interpreting them and figuring what they actually mean is still a mystery to us all. The histories of dreams, dates all the way back to over 5,000 years ago. These were the times where they would still write things down on clay tablets. Even then, we were already interested in what dreams meant. During the Greek and Roman eras, dreams were perceived in a religious sense. If they were good dreams, they would be interpretedRead MoreDreams And The Subconscious : Dreams Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesDreams and the Subconscious Are dreams a way of processing life events, or are they really messages from the subconscious? This phenomenon has always interested me, and I am extremely grateful this opportunity has arisen for me to research dreams in more depth. Since childhood, I have been intrigued with dreams and how similar they can be for each person. For instance, many people have recurring nightmares of being chased. According to Huffington Post, being chased is one of the most common dreamsRead MoreDreams : A Lucid Dream1097 Words   |  5 PagesBeing able to understand what dreams represent and how they effect a person should be something everyone should understand. Dreams can be a small glimpse or feel so real that it is unbelievable. The issue people have the most is remembering. They can not remember if they spoke with another individual in actually life or if it was all apart of their dream they had. There is so much confusion that the person is almost embarrassed to ask if the event actually happe ned. A dream like this is considered oneRead MoreThe Dream Of A Lucid Dream1403 Words   |  6 PagesIt is said that a lucid dream is a dream that can be induced or controlled and is characterized by the dreamer being aware that he or she is dreaming (Lucid). When lucidity occurs, the dreamer â€Å"wakes up† inside the dream during fixed states of cognizance. Dreams are caused by things â€Å"†¦our mind knows, however which we cannot handle, is disturbing or something that we keep reiterating to ourselves† (Ganguly). This is why distinguishing significant dream symbols from ambient symbols is important forRead MoreThe Dream Of A Dream Story1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficulties of life after his accident. The dream that can be analyzed in this essay is the idea of being useful in life and towards society; Friedman describes Bret’s process in achieving this dream through the inclusion of characters’ thoughts and actions. This narrative technique rev eals the idea that dreams are not always singular, the people surrounding you can play a crucial role in your dream story, and factors that affect your dream can also change the dreams of surrounding people. Bret’s storyRead MoreDreams : What Are Dreams?1174 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are dreams? Are they the mind’s way of entertaining itself while you sleep, or are they your unconscious trying to tell you something? If you chose the ladder, you are on the right track. The mind can’t talk to you, you don t hear voices in your head unless you are a Schizophrenic. The only way that our unconscious mind has a way to communicate, is when you are asleep. The idea that dreams are trying to tell you something is simple, but understanding what the dream is trying to say can be difficult

Nationalism and the Imagination by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Nationalism and the Imagination by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has being the hardest text I have read during my theory class at Sydney College of the Arts in 2014. My task was to read and explain the text to my theory class and my lecturer Dr Adam Geczy in 8 minutes as a YouTube video. This was an almost impossible task because Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination is a small book of 75 pages and at Sydney College of the Arts’s library we are only able to borrow the book for 2 hours. I later found the book online as a pdf file. I have decided to leave my video presentation on YouTube to help some lost and desperate sole searching for the meaning of Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination, before contemplating on killing your self†¦show more content†¦During the course of understanding Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination, I had to look at other texts to begin to comprehend the purpose of Spivak’s talk on nationalism, Indian sover eignty, marginalized women, subaltern, comparative literatures oral formulaic, postcolonialism, etc. One of the best texts I came across was an e-book by Stephen Morton entitled Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. It was first published in 2003 by Routledge and you can find it online as a pdf file. Morton analysis several of Spivak’s works and then he explains in an uncomplicated manner the reasons for Spivak’s comments and her writing in general. Although Morton does not directly comment on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination you will be able to understand Nationalism and the Imagination because Spivak draws from previous works that Morton includes in his e-book Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Another way of understanding Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination is by reading the book reviews on the book. There are several book reviews on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination online or you can find it through your university’s library. I was using ProQuest to find articles on Spivak’s Nationalism and the Imagination. Last but not least, I watched several videos by Dr Jason J Campbell, user drjasonjcampbell. He was great, easy to understand and he includes notes with all his videos that you can download if you wish. What I liked the most about Dr

Key Features of a Bond Essay Example For Students

Key Features of a Bond Essay A. What are the key features of a bond? answer:if possible, begin this lecture by showing students an actual bond certificate. We show a real coupon bond with physical coupons. These can no longer be issuedit is too easy to evade taxes, especially estate taxes, with bearer bonds. All bonds today must be registered, and registered bonds dont have physical coupons. 1. Par or face value. We generally assume a $1,000 par value, but par can be anything, and often $5,000 or more is used. With registered bonds, which is what are issued today, if you bought $50,000 worth, that amount would appear on the certificate. 2. Coupon rate. The dollar coupon is the rent on the money borrowed, which is generally the par value of the bond. The coupon rate is the annual interest payment divided by the par value, and it is generally set at the value of k on the day the bond is issued. To illustrate, the required rate of return on one of southern bells bonds was 11 percent when they were issued, so the coupon rate was set at 11 percent. If the company were to float a new issue today, the coupon rate would be set at the going rate today (october 1998), which would be about 7. 4%. 3. Maturity. This is the number of years until the bond matures and the issuer must repay the loan (return the par value). The southern bell bonds had a 30-year maturity when they were issued, but the maturity declines by 1 year each year after their issue. 4. Issue date. The southern bell bonds were issued in 1977, when interest rates were higher than they are today. 5. Default risk is inherent in all bonds except treasury bondswill the issuer have the cash to make the promised payments? Bonds are rated from aaa to d, and the lower the rating the riskier the bond, the higher its default risk premium, and, consequently, the higher its required rate of return, k. Southern bell is rated aaa. B. What are call provisions and sinking fund provisions? Do these provisions make bonds more or less risky? Answer:a call provision is a provision in a bond contract that gives the issuing corporation the right to redeem the bonds under specified terms prior to the normal maturity date. The call provision generally states that the company must pay the bondholders an amount greater than the par value if they are called. The additional sum, which is called a call premium, is typically set equal to one years interest if the bonds are called during the first year, and the premium declines at a constant rate of int/n each year thereafter. A sinking fund provision is a provision in a bond contract that requires the issuer to retire a portion of the bond issue each year. A sinking fund provision facilitates the orderly retirement of the bond issue. The call privilege is valuable to the firm but potentially detrimental to the investor, especially if the bonds were issued in a period when interest rates were cyclically high. Therefore, bonds with a call provision are riskier than those without a call provision. Accordingly, the interest rate on a new issue of callable bonds will exceed that on a new issue of noncallable bonds. Although sinking funds are designed to protect bondholders by ensuring that an issue is retired in an orderly fashion, it must be recognized that sinking funds will at times work to the detriment of bondholders. On balance, however, bonds that provide for a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision, so at the time they are issued sinking fund bonds have lower coupon rates than otherwise similar bonds without sinking funds. D. How is the value of a bond determined? What is the value of a 10-year, $1,000 par value bond with a 10 percent annual coupon if its required rate of return is 10 percent? Answer:a bond has a specific cash flow pattern consisting of a stream of constant interest payments plus the return of par at maturity. The annual coupon payment is the cash flow: pmt = (coupon rate) ? par value) = 0. 1($1,000) = $100. For a 10-year, 10 percent annual coupon bond, the bonds value is found as follows: 0 1 2 3 9 10 | | | | †¢ †¢ †¢ | | 100 100 100 100 100 90. 91 + 1,000 82. 64 . . . 38. 55 385. 54 1,000. 00 Expressed as an equation, we have: Or: vb = $100(pvifa10%,10) + $1,000(pvif10%,10) = $100 ((1- 1/(1+. 1)10)/0. 10) + $1,000 (1/(1+0. 10)10). The bond consists of a 10-year, 10% annuity of $100 per year plus a $1,000 lump sum payment at t = 10: v annuity = $ 614. 46 pv maturity value = 385. 54 value of bond = $1,000. 00 The mathematics of bond valuation is programmed into financial calculators which do the operation in one step, so the easy way to solve bond valuation problems is with a financial calculator. Input n = 10, kd = i = 10, pmt = 100, and fv = 1000, and then press pv to find the bonds value, $1,000. Then change n from 10 to 1 and press pv to get the value of the 1-year bond, which is also $1,000. K. Suppose a 10-year, 10 percent, semiannual coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 is currently selling for $1,135. 0, producing a nominal yield to maturity of 8 percent. However, the bond can be called after 5 years for a price of $1,050. K. 1. What is the bonds nominal yield to call (ytc)? Answer:if the bond were called, bondholders would receive $1,050 at the end of year 5. Thus, the time line would look li ke this: 0 1 2 3 4 5 | | | | | | 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 1,050 pv1 . pv4 pv5c pv5cp 1,135. 90 = sum of pvs The easiest way to find the ytc on this bond is to input values into your calculator: n = 10; pv = -1135. 90; pmt = 50; and fv = 1050, which is the par value plus a call premium of $50; and then press the k = i button to find i = 3. 765%. However, this is the 6-month rate, so we would find the nominal rate on the bond as follows: Knom = 2(3. 765%) = 7. 5301% ? 7. 5%. This 7. 5% is the rate brokers would quote if you asked about buying the bond. You could also calculate the ear on the bond: Ear = (1. 03765)2 1 = 7. 672%. .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postImageUrl , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:visited , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active { border:0!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: societhf Rejection of Civilization in The Adventur EssayUsually, people in the bond business just talk about nominal rates, which is ok so long as all the bonds being compared are on a semiannual payment basis. When you start making comparisons among investments with different payment patterns, though, it is important to convert to ears. K. 2. If you bought this bond, do you think you would be more likely to earn the ytm or the ytc? Why? Answer:since the coupon rate is 10% versus ytc = kd = 7. 53%, it would pay the company to call the bond, get rid of the obligation to pay $100 per year in interest, and sell replacement bonds whose interest would be only $75. 0 per year. T herefore, if interest rates remain at the current level until the call date, the bond will surely be called, so investors should expect to earn 7. 53%. In general, investors should expect to earn the ytc on premium bonds, but to earn the ytm on par and discount bonds. (bond brokers publish lists of the bonds they have for sale; they quote ytm or ytc depending on whether the bond sells at a premium or a discount. ) L. Disneys bonds were issued with a yield to maturity of 7. 5 percent. Does the yield to maturity represent the promised or expected return on the bond? Answer:the yield to maturity is the rate of return earned on a bond if it is held to maturity. It can be viewed as the bonds promised rate of return, which is the return that investors will receive if all the promised payments are made. The yield to maturity equals the expected rate of return only if (1) the probability of default is zero and (2) the bond cannot be called. For bonds where there is some default risk, or where the bond may be called, there is some probability that the promised payments to maturity will not be received, in which case, the promised yield to maturity will differ from the expected return. M. Disneys bonds were rated aa- by s. Would you consider these bonds investment grade or junk bonds? Answer:the disney bonds would be investment grade bonds. Triple-a, double-a, single-a, and triple-b bonds are considered investment grade. Double-b and lower-rated bonds are considered speculative, or junk bonds, because they have a significant probability of going into default. Many financial institutions are prohibited from buying junk bonds.

The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Essay Summary Example For Students

The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Essay Summary Refinance now homeowner even if you have bad credit. 185 locTheEffects of Violence in Media on Society TodayIs societies violence the medias fault?This is the question that has been asked since before television was inevery Americans house. Of course there are the different types of mediatoday ranging from newspapers, to on-line reports and stories. There havebeen arguments upon arguments about this issue, and over 3,000 studiesconducted. Unfortunately there isnt one single result, there is only anarray of supposed answers to this undying question. CBS president, Howard Stringer is pointingto a different scapegoat for societys violence. I come from a country that puts a lot of American movies on and has more graphic violence withinits live drama on the BBC than anywhere else, and there is a lot lessviolence in the United Kingdom than there is here. There are 200 millionguns in America, and that has a lot to do with violence. He feels it hasto do with gun control, which others have suggested. But there are so manyviolent acts, that one cant focus on the guns, just like one cant focuson the media. David Phillips, one of the men we discuss later put it perfectly,Its like watching rain fall on a pond and trying to figure out whichdrop causes which ripple.There have been many studies conductedon the effects of violence on children, and on the effects on society asa whole. There have been about 3,000 studies performed on this topic. Twoof the most prolific studies were the UCLA Television Violence MonitoringReport, and the Mediascope , Inc. test sponsored by the National Cable TelevisionAssociation. Of course there were many other studies done, but these madeheadlines because of their results. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The UCLA study focused on all of the televisionmedia, and discovered some interesting facts from their study. Prime TimeSeries raised the least concern. Theatrical films raised more concern andhad a lot more violence. The Saturday morning cartoons had mixed reviews. 23% of the cartoons raised concern, but that was only rating the most popularcartoons: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, X-Men, etc. They termed the actionin cartoons as Sinister Combat Violence which basically means the wholestory line leads to violence. Mediascope, Inc. focused on the amountand context on cable, effectiveness of rating systems and parental advisories,and the success of anti-violent messages. They found that perpetratorsgo unpunished in 73% of all violent scenes, one out of four violent interactionsinvolved the use of handguns, and premium cable channels present the highestpercentage of violent programs (85%). There was more to their findings,but these were the more prevalent findings. University of Michigan psychologists Dr. Leonard Eron and Dr. Rowell Huesmann conducted a study, which continuedfor decades. This was conducted beginning in 1960. They took 800 eight-year-oldsand found that children who watched many hours of violent television tendedto be more aggressive in the playground and the classroom. They checkedback with these kids 11 and 22 years later. They found the aggressive eight-year-oldsgrew up to become even more aggressive. They testified before congressin 1992 stating, Television violence affects youngsters of all ages, ofboth genders, at all socioeconomic levels and all levels of intelligence. The effect is not limited to children who are already disposed to beingaggressive and is not restricted to this country.David Phillips, a scientist at the Universityof California in San Diego conducted a study on prizefights on television. He thought of this topic, because he felt there wasnt enough researchbeing conducted on the copycat violence. He found that after prize fightson television, there would be about a 10 percent increase in murders fora few days afterwards. He quoted, It also seems to be the case that thekind of person killed just after the prizefight is similar to the personbeaten in the prize fight.There are four major theories of televisionviolence. The arousal theory, the social learning theory, the disinhibitionhypothesis, and the catharsis hypothesis. These four hypothesis/theoriesare old and new conclusions to the question at hand. It is notable to seethat some of these theories were stated as early as 1961. Most would haveto disagree with these theories just because of the age of their births,but to most peoples surprise they still hold in the 21st century. .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .postImageUrl , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:hover , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:visited , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:active { border:0!important; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:active , .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5417a0748ccd9b5964c0d362dd71b05b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Brazilian hatiian slavery EssayThe arousal theory is basically self-explanatory. This was theorized by P.H. Tannenbaum in 1975. He said exposure to televisionviolence increases aggression because violence increases excitation, orarouses viewers (Tannenbaum Zillman, 1975). This is also beingfound in the recent studies, which shows the progression in the mediaswill to change. The social learning theory was describedby Dr. Bandura. This theory says ways of behaving are learned by observingothers, and that this is a major means by which children acquire unfamiliarbehavior, although performance of acquired behavior will depend at leastin part on factors other than acquisition (Bandura, 1973). A perfect exampleof this theory was when the murders occurred after the prizefights. The disinhibition hypothesis was L. Berkowitzsinvestigation. This hypothesis explains that television violence in certaincircumstances will result in increased interpersonal aggression becauseit weakens inhibitions against such behavior (Berkowitz, 1962). The final theory, catharsis hypothesiswas written by S. Feshbach. This theory explains that under certain conditionsexposure to television violence will reduce subsequent aggression (Feshbach,1961). What this is saying is that if someone sees a fantasy on TV, ornow with technology, entertains themselves with virtual reality, that fantasyis fulfilled, which makes them not feel they have to do that in real life. So many people have discussed the topicof media effecting society, from Aristotle to the President of CBS. Ithas always been a question, but never as needy for an answer as now. Hopefullythe government has some say in this soon, so the drama of centuries willfinally be over. But that probably wont occur anytime soon. Aristotle was a big supporter of catharsis.He believed that the audience became psychologically involved with thestory on stage, even though they knew it was 100% fiction. He felt whenaggression climaxed with the actors, there was a catharsis in the audience,which was pleasurable to experience and left the audience cleansed, uplifted,and less likely to act violently among themselves.Sigmund Freud also felt as Aristotle didby saying, Unless people were allowed to express themselves aggressively,the aggressive energy would be dammed up, pressure would build, and theaggressive energy would seek an outlet, either exploding into acts of extremeviolence or manifesting itself as symptoms of mental illness . But thereis no direct evidence for this conclusion (Aronson, 1995, p. 258). PresidentClinton looks at it in a different light saying, for people who have neverbeen taught to understand the consequences of their action these thingscan unintentionally set forth a chain reaction of ever mo re impulsive behavior.Hollywood figures of the 21st century blame factors such as poverty, drugsand alcohol, poor schooling, lax gun control and a general breakdown offamilies but not screen violence. University of Iowa professor of Journalismand Mass Communication Albert Talbott said, In the 30s, when I was atoddler, one of the things that concerned parents were comic books andthe violence in them. As soon as the modern media started to develop, wehave all kinds of things on how we are affecting people.Technology today isnt helping everyoneto feel better about this dilemma. It is actually going to get worse beforeit gets better. There isnt only movies or news reports someone can watchto see violence, but also the new video game craze. Video games have becomean enormous industry in the past decade. People from 4 years old to 70years old own their own Sega Genesis or Nintendo Play Station. Of course there is a number of games tochoose frombut what is the highest wanted game? None other then MortalCombat. The name speaks for itself. Just for the record, this game consistsof choosing a character, a weapon and then fighting another character untilone is dead. It also is equipped with sound effects for when someone ispunched or stabbed, and also shows the blood flying from the body whenhit. So many studies have been done on the affectsof media violence on children. Most are concerned with the results, especiallyparents. If the government, parents or others are so concerned with theeffect of their child seeing violence on the television, maybe they shouldpractice what they preach when Christmas rolls around. They should thinktwice before buying that Mortal combat III for their son. This is whereit gets sticky. Parents need to draw the line between appropriate and notappropriate. It would be a nice convenience to have a rating system onthe television, but parents should be aware enough of what their childrenare doing and watching that they are the rating system themselves. .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .postImageUrl , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:hover , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:visited , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:active { border:0!important; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:active , .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue973c46bdcd0bfd34c5e3023c0d8689d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug And Alcohol Use By Student Athletes EssayThe question now is what is happening tohelp this situation currently? The answer is quite relieving. All of thenetworks are on their tippy toes so they wont get a bad name. The EntertainmentIndustries council, which distributes suggestions to the writers and producersof network shows and TV movies on social issues, is now meeting with writersto develop ways for dramatizing conflict without violence and showing theconsequences of violence. MTV is the most risque station on cableright now. It shows a good amount of sex and violence everyday. Usuallymore sex then violence, but there is a good amount of both. But at MTV,almost one out of three music videos submitted is being ruled inappropriatefor broadcast. The V-Chip is another work in progressfor parents. This device will be in all televisions within 5 years. Itis a rating system for parents, and they can program it to cut off showswith violence or nudity, etc. This will help parents regulate what theirchildren will watch, even when they arent around. It will be like on-lineshopping, a convenience, but you still have to choose what you want tobuy. Film director Oliver Stone says, Filmshave become more sanitized. Were moving away from reality. Were in thegrip of a political correctness thats bothersome. Obviously there willbe some who are concerned with the action government is taking, becausemedia should be realistic and educating, even if it is gruesome. Some woulddisagree with that statement, and those are the ones taking action now. Photojournalist Assistant Professor John Kimmich Javier said, News isntalways pretty or nice. People must face that reality. People have hadto face that reality, and now are taking action to stop that from continuingto be reality. Should it be stopped is the real question. What is the effect of violence in mediawith children compared to with adults? Children model behavior they seein the media. If they dont see the consequences of violence, it will teachthem that violence doesnt cause serious harm. Adults see more violencein the media than actually exists in real life. Thats because producersbelieve that they have to include extraordinary violence in order to keepthe viewer. When heroes use violence, children think that violence is anappropriate way to respond to problems. Children are younger, so they seethings and apply that to their lives, because they are learning everythingat that age. Adults look at it as the mean world syndrome in which theysee how society is portrayed on TV, and they think that every neighborhoodis dangerous, like shown. When in fact most neighborhoods are nothing likethey are portrayed on TV. The writers and producers are exaggerating, tomake it all interesting. There is also discussion of violence onTV not having any affect at all. People have seen so much, that they dontreally think about the actual act occurring on screen. Hanno Hardt, a professorat J-MC School said, Its lost its shock value. Maybe 20 to 30 yearsago we would have been shocked. Now, a generation later, we know that thisis a violent society. And when we read about violence, it only reinforceswhat we know. People have become used to seeing violence on television,but this has become somewhat surreal to them. They dont think of it asreality until it happens to them. When violence happens to people or theirfamily, they become eyewitnesses to this violence. They have personal experiencescompassion sensitivity, fear. People havent lost that.We have covered a huge amount of informationabout the effect of violence in media on society. Did we answer the questionthough? I dont think we did, but I do think that the answer is makingprogress. We are also a lot more informed now of what exactly is in themedia right now, and what studies have shown to be happening. There hasalways been an issue of something effecting society, and there will alwaysbe a plentitude of scapegoats. What is the actual answer though? No oneseems to have it. There is a lot of gray area, but society seems to bemaking this more of a black and white issue. Will the government ever reallytake action? Does action need to be taken? Hopefully after reading this,one is more educated on the difficulty in answering these questions.

Great Literary Elements of the The Illiad

Great Literary Elements of the The Illiad Free Online Research Papers There are many great literary elements that are in the book known as, â€Å"The Iliad.† The book was written by Homer, a great Greek poet. This book tells the story of two armies that are in an epic battle. These armies are known as the Trojans and the Achaeans. Throughout the book, you can see how the gods and goddesses get involved. Many times in the book, the god’s favored certain sides of the battle. In the story it seems like the war will end quickly at times, but the constant strikes thrown by the gods only strive for the war to continue. It’s somewhat hard to realize what the outcome of these events would have been like without all the constant bickering between each other. From the way they instigated the war, by using indirect involvement, to the way they stood out and noticeably struck the opposing army, they were respected and powerful. Zeus is the most respected of all gods. He is lord of Olympia and carries the power of lightning. In many places he uses his position to get what he wants. Between arguing with the other gods, and striking the humans, Zeus truly shows how powerful he is in his reign. In book 1, he sends a dream to Agamemnon, which is his first act in the story. Then he began to show his favor toward the Trojans, as he sent a messenger to inform them of the Achaean formation. Many acts showed his power and respect he receives as King of Olympia I would be very confident if I knew Zeus was on my side in any battle, especially one with such importance. If only it would have worked in the favor of the Trojans, when Menelaus and Paris fought, then the war could’ve ended sooner. Even though Zeus contained all the power and control, I am still not quite sure why he didn’t step up and end the war on his own. If Zeus would have stopped the war before the Trojan walls had fallen, then I’m sure the constant whining, complaining, and trickery of Hera would have begun to conjure up. Anyone in their right mind would not want to listen to someone who wants something of such importance to fall, or end. Hera, the queen of gods and wife of Zeus, wants Troy to fall. She is always going against her husband. Hera is always trying to find new ways o make Troy fail. Throughout the book, she works with Athena. Athena is the goddess of wisdom. She is also Zeus’s daughter and is very smart when it comes to war. Just like her mother Hera, she also wants the Trojans to fail in their battles. Many times, her and her mother go off and give valuable information to the Achaeans. The Achaeans use this information to try and get the upper hand on the Trojans. Many of the gods chose sides. Eventually, some of them decide to fight for either army. Thetis, a sea-nymph, is the mother of the most powerful warrior in the book, Achilles. Achilles becomes the greatest warrior for the Achaeans. Early in the book, Achilles gets frustrated and wants no part of this war. He wants to see the Trojans fall and he goes to his mother for help. His mother, Thetis, asks Zeus to provide power for the Trojans. Achilles, for a while, stops fighting. Then he finds out Patroclus was killed by Hector, a Trojan soldier. Achilles fills with outrage. He goes to his mother to get help to rejoin the battle. Thetis turns to Hephaestus for a new suit of armor that Achilles can wear when he returns to battle. He receives the new armor the very next morning. This is where the real battle begins. Achilles turns this whole war around. He strives to fight Hector. Hector has the slightest clue about Achilles returning to battle. He orders his army to stay by the walls of Troy. When Achilles shows up, the Trojan army starts to retreat. Achilles takes down and destroys every Trojan he gets his hand on. The bodies, of the dead Trojan soldiers, all end up in the river. Xanthus, the god of the river, was not pleased at all. All these bodies made him extremely angry. Then, after Hector has been running from Achilles for a number of days, he is convinced by Athena to turn around and fight Achilles. Hector loses the battle, and the Trojans ose the war. Based on Hector’s performance, the gods all agree to give a proper burial. Zeus then sends Hermes, the messenger of the gods, to escort Hector’s father to the funeral. King Priam, Hector’s father, is the ruler of Troy. He goes to Achilles and begs for the body of Hector to be returned to Troy. Achilles fulfills this request and burial proceeds. In conclusion, the gods and goddesses had everything to do with this war. Zeus supports the Trojans. Thetis helps the greatest warrior of all complete his goals. Athena uses her sly ways to make the war go her way. Hera gets involved by giving information, bout the Trojans, to the Achaeans. I think if it wasn’t for the gods and goddesses, then war would have lasted forever. The fight would of had nothing to grow on if the gods and goddesses would not have interfered. It’s is kind of like life and the way it is today. Many of our fights, wars, and arguments are started through something that started off small. Yet, through the instigation of other, it eventually gets bigger. Research Papers on Great Literary Elements of the "The Illiad"Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Spring and Autumn

GLOBAL MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GLOBAL MARKETING - Essay Example The techniques and the methods that the companies incorporate to adapt these factors determine not only their ability to distinct or differentiate their products and themselves from their competitor but also their success holistically (Sutltle, 2009). This encompasses the norms, culture, population changes, demographics, and lifestyle. They influence the industry in different ways. For an instant, a clothing company has to create innovatively styles that are appealing to different cultures especially of the groups that are dominant and represent the largest segment of the company’ market. The creation of the different styles of cloths should be within the norms of the society that is perceived to produce the prospective consumers (Sutltle, 2009). These include factors such as demand, production, and the availability of resources. For an instant, the scarcity of material for production may compel the companies to engage in substitute products. In addition, a competitor may introduce clothing styles that have the potential of luring the consumers hence shift in the demand for the earlier fashioned cloths (Sutltle, 2009). The industry has been influenced by issues such as the rights of the workers and laws related to child labour. Union workers have often called for industrial actions such as strike and picketing in aggravating for increases in wages. In turn, it impact negatively on the production of clothing products (Sutltle, 2009). The influence of the economy can either be positive or negative. During periods of economic boom, individuals tend to have relatively more disposable income hence they spend a lot on cloths hence increase in companies’ sales. The converse is true during economic crisis. These factors therefore, shape the competitive structure and the intensity of competitive rivalry in the industry (Roll, 2005). The trends of the industry in the US are characterized by the companies operating retails that are